What is the best approach to get feedback on a new Minimum Viable Product (MVP)?

I think the minimum viable approach to MVP feedback would Beta programs or limited release priority user programs where the user is under NDA and can provide product feedback that you can iterate off of.

I tend to like to do some research in advance to find target use cases and areas that users might want out of the product so that you can build a better MVP, and then study dogfood/beta/trusted tester program usage, but that's budget and time dependent.